Snus This page was last edited on 15 June , at Twitter Facebook Email Cite this article Copied citation to clipboard! Snus , Tobacco Tactics, updated 15 June , accessed 12 November Image 1: Swedish Match General snus Background Snus is a traditional Scandinavian smokeless tobacco product, used particularly in Sweden, where it is widely used by men and has been regulated as a food product under the Swedish Food Act since the s.
A survey of 1, ex-smokers in Sweden found that 29 percent had switched to snus to quit smoking. The tobacco in Swedish snus is air- or sun-dried, which reduces the nitrite level compared to the tobacco in American snus, which is normally fire-cured. The higher pH and moisture content, as well as the lower nitrite levels, allow Swedish snus to deliver more nicotine at less risk of adverse effects than the American brands.
Swedish snus users develop a dependency on the nicotine, but the risk of cancer and heart disease is considerably lessened compared to smoking. There are other health effects of snus. Here are a few examples. A review of public health effects of snus in Sweden reported that snus users may have a small cardiovascular risk compared to nonsmokers. It also reported that all the large studies on the subject in Sweden are in agreement that smokeless tobacco has a much lower risk for adverse cardiovascular effects than smoking does.
The opposite conclusion was reached by a study of middle-aged Swedish men. This study concluded that high consumption of snus predicts a risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors that increase your likelihood of developing heart disease, diabetes, or stroke.
A study that looked at Swedish snus users over time at ages 21, 30, and 43 found no association between snus use and risk of metabolic syndrome. The researchers suggested that it would be useful to look at the risk for people who used snus and smoked cigarettes. In , the American Heart Association issued a policy statement based on data from two Swedish studies.
These studies concluded that heavy use of snus appears to increase the odds of developing metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. A large Swedish study of to year-olds suggested that snus use was associated with a higher prevalence of asthma. But snoring was associated with both current and former users.
A recent small study looked at the effect of snus on blood pressure, heart rate, and arterial stiffness. It suggested that snus use increased blood pressure and heart rate in women, but not in men. Does snus increase your risk of cancer?
Looking at the variety of evidence is a little like looking at a glass of water that is either half-full or half-empty. You can minimize or maximize the scientific findings of any particular study.
The producers of snus in Sweden, chiefly Swedish Match, consider any risks shown to be minimal. But health agencies concerned with nicotine addiction and recruitment of youth to nicotine see the dangers. But how long does it stay in your system? Read about aids, medications, and therapies to help you succeed in your plan to quit smoking. Find out how to stop smoking naturally with Eastern approaches, such as acupuncture. Also learn how lifestyle changes, like drinking more water, can….
Snuff is a dried form of tobacco that can raise your risk of health problems. Learn how to quit, starting today. Experts say the benefits from e-cigarettes to people to stop smoking tobacco cigarettes outweighs the risks from teen vaping.
Experts say some manufacturers may not be aware of some of the chemicals in their products. Those chemicals may raise the health risks from vaping. Experts say nicotine withdrawal can cause people trying to quit smoking to select foods high in carbohydrates and sugar, causing them to gain weight.
About 17 percent of high school students in a new survey were listed as "triple users" of marijuana, cigarettes, and e-cigarettes. Experts say people taking the anti-smoking drug Chantix should continue taking the medication until they can talk with their doctor about alternatives. Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Snus and Cancer: Is There a Link? Snus users and cigarette smokers, who have similar blood nicotine levels, have reported similar levels of subjective dependence on tobacco.
The total nicotine uptake dose measured as the excretion of nicotine and its metabolites per 24 hours is similar in habitual snus users and cigarette smokers, i. In contrast to cigarette smokers, snus users do not compensate their nicotine uptake when switching to a low nicotine product. An experimental cross-over study of blood plasma levels obtained after controlled snus use of four different portion-packed snus products of various weight and format, different nicotine content and different pH values showed that the nicotine intake varies between 0.
Advanced Nicotine absorption The nicotine uptake from one pinch of snus is determined both by the amount of nicotine that is released from the pinch during snus use and by the amount of nicotine that passes the buccal mucosa and reaches the systemic circulation. Andersson et al. Nicotine uptake rate During snus use nicotine is absorbed via the buccal mucosa.
The uptake via the mucous membrane is slower than the the uptake via the lungs during smoking. Holm et al. After that, the uptake rate was somewhat slower and the plasma concentration reached a maximal level after the pinch had been taken out.
After the fast increase in blood nicotine concentration during smoking, the nicotine is eliminated quite rapidly after having finished the cigarette. During snus use, however, the nicotine concentration plateaus after the pinch has been taken out. The prolonged elimination of nicotine in snus users has been attributed to continued absorption of nicotine released from the mucous membrane or to absorption of nicotine that has been swallowed Benowitz et al.
Steady-state levels of nicotine and cotinine. The concentration of cotinine was, however, slightly higher in the snus users than in the cigarette smokers Holm et al. The same steady-state levels of nicotine and cotinine in blood as those reported by Holm et al. There was no difference in self-assessed addiction, craving for tobacco or difficulty in giving up between snus users and cigarette smokers Holm et al.
These results have recently been confirmed in a quit snus use study Gilljam et al. The nicotine uptake has often been estimated by measurement of cotinine in various body fluids. Cotinine, which is the major metabolite degradation product of nicotine, is often used as a biomarker for nicotine, since it is more stable, has a longer half-life and is easier to quantify.
Wennmalm et al. They concluded that snus users and cigarette smokers had roughly the same nicotine uptake since the level of urinary cotinine was similar. There is a tendency towards higher cotinine levels in snus users compared to smokers in some studies.
This is most likely due to the fact that some nicotine is swallowed and therefore undergoes first pass metabolism to cotinine before reaching the systemic circulation Holm et al. Total daily nicotine uptake Since humans differ widely with respect to the metabolism of nicotine to cotinine and subsequent elimination of cotinine, the use of cotinine as a marker of nicotine uptake has been questioned.
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