Engineers and technicians worked under difficult conditions to ready the rover and spacecraft for a seven-month trip to Mars. The Perseverance team designed the Unity plate as a tribute of the resolution and perseverance of front-line healthcare workers, who risk their lives to treat those in need.
These courageous individuals inspire all of us to face the greatest challenges, and we hope this mission provides inspiration in return. This plate was installed on the left side of the rover chassis.
Download a certificate of appreciation for healthcare workers featuring an image of this plate. Like a tourist traveling to an exotic destination with a camera and a few lenses, Perseverance is packing 23 cameras to capture images of Mars. Cal targets are small discs that have known examples of color, reflectance how much light bounces off a rock and focus, so teams can operate the cameras and spectrometers properly and collect the most useful images and data possible.
In addition to the primary cal target discussed earlier, Mastcam-Z cal carries another secondary target to help verify the primary target, under slightly different lighting. This target takes a more straightforward approach, with two rows of squares, color and grayscale, arranged in straight lines on a bracket and at a right angle to each other. As on Earth, lighting conditions on Mars change with the time of day, time of year, and amount of the dust in the atmosphere.
The quality of daylight affects how much light the Mars rocks reflect back to the camera called reflectance. By taking an image of a rock, and then of the calibration target at the same time of day, scientists can adjust the lighting of the image to reveal the true color and reflectance of the rock.
The vertical structure, a "gnomon," casts a shadow on the cal target just like sundials on Earth. The shadow provides useful information on the rover's heading, Sun angle, and lighting conditions. Earth photographers hate dust on their lenses, but they don't have to deal with the magnetic iron dust on Mars! The color and grayscale dots on the primary cal target have hollow magnets beneath them, to draw the sticky dust away from the center of the dot.
Etched into the gold and silver-plated primary cal target are several elements to inspire and unify current and future explorers. A set of simple drawings arranged clockwise around the top of the disk depicts the development of life on Earth, culminating with humans and space flight. Along the edge of the cal target, and only visible to future explorers who may see the rover and its instruments some day in the future with their own eyes, is the phrase:.
Are we alone? We came here to look for signs of life, and to collect samples of Mars for study on Earth. To those who follow, we wish a safe journey and the joy of discovery. For SHERLOC, pinpoint accuracy is key to mapping traces of organics in small areas of rock with a laser spectrometer, and then taking an image of the same area with a magnifying camera.
The SHERLOC cal target consists of two aluminum plates that encase five disks of silica or sapphire, and five astronaut space suit fabric samples. If you need to check the accuracy of your laser spectrometer and camera often, why not have some fun with it?
This maze evokes both the detective Sherlock Holmes and his search for answers, and our hunt for signs of ancient life on Mars. Another disk features a sample that is actually returning to Mars. This is a slice of a Martian meteorite , found on Earth in Oman in This slice, along with a second piece of the same meteorite that remains in a lab on Earth, provides reference data for the Deep Ultraviolet Raman spectrometer.
Four of the five space suit samples are made of materials used in current space suits, and could inform what future astronauts will wear when they explore Earth's Moon or Mars. Samples of Teflon, Vectran, and Dacron will remain exposed to the intense ultraviolet radiation and cold temperatures of Mars. Space suit specialists on Earth will study those images to see if the materials break down, and how fast.
The most detailed cal target disk is composed of two parts, and serves two critical functions. The bottom layer, made of opal glass, has markings in blue chrome, and is covered by a layer of polycarbonate, used to make the visors on astronaut helmets.
By peering at calibration marks through the polycarbonate during Perseverance's mission, the cameras will note if and when the polycarbonate starts to break down. This is like when you start to notice that the lenses of your glasses are getting scratched over time. The patterns on the upper portion of the opal disk feature tiny vertical lines from an optical calibration system developed by the United States Air Force.
In the center there is a set of letters and numbers, resembling the address in London where the fictional Sherlock Holmes lived. When someone finds a cache, they record their discovery in a log book or online, and replace it for the next person to find. This geocache is the first one of it's kind on Mars and future explorers may log it in the future. Until then, a future mission to Mars will recover the sample tubes left behind by Perseverance.
On the lower section of the opal disk is a row of tiny figures that seem to be dancing. These figures can also be used for optical calibration, if the camera cannot see the top row of the disk. In the story, Holmes was able to crack the code and solve the mystery. SuperCam is not just one tool, it is more like a tool box, with a laser, four spectrometers, a telescope, a microphone, and a magnifying camera to identify chemicals and minerals that make up Mars rocks.
Charmayne looked at him, afraid. Do they hit you? What are you coding? Both of them were staring at her, making Charmayne uncomfortable. She bit the inside or her cheek, and stared at her feet. The silence was broken by Sherlock, who's eyes were narrowed at her.
The Watty Awards. Try Premium. Log in Sign Up. New Reading List. Send to Friend. The closer men could approximate the angel, the better for humankind.
With respect to the construction of gendered identities, then, one of the central projects of much Victorian literature could be described as rehabilitating Ulysseses into Telemachuses. These two genres thus have radically different investments, and these investments compel each to become heavily invested in the formulation of masculine subjectivity. But the disjunction between the ideologies in which they are grounded leads them to advance masculine ideals that are virtually antithetical.
While the domestic novel typically asks men to approximate Telemachus, the adventure genre endorses the kind of masculine ideal embodied by Ulysses. In the Holmes stories detection often functions not, as one might expect, to issue clear-cut pronouncements about where guilt resides but rather to reveal how difficult it can be to locate either guilt or innocence within the context of a social order which is inconsistent in the ways in which it trains its subjects to achieve different kinds of national goals.
Behaviors that resonate as deviant or dangerous according to one code of conduct are discovered to be normative according to--if not positively encouraged by--another, with the result that, even when a suspect is found to have committed a crime, Holmes will sometimes deem his behavior excusable and determine that remanding him over for punishment would be unjust.
Over and over in these stories men who have spent time in the empire and who have been socialized according to its imperatives are shown to be discordant if not disruptive or dangerous figures when they return to settle in England.
It is arguably the generic hybridity of these stories that makes their central project of detection--elucidation of mystery, resolution of tension, clarification of the boundaries between acceptable and deviant behaviors--so compelling. Imperial crimes are shown to have domestic repercussions in several of the Holmes stories.
Even more disturbing, however, is the effect imperial sensibilities are shown to have when they are introduced into the domestic milieu.
But, having tasted material wealth and having learned from his colonial experience that it can be easily gotten, he plainly feels a sense of personal entitlement that makes him utterly ruthless. But even if the Holmes stories generally privilege affective relations over imperial goals, they also demonstrate that affective problems can create imperial crises.
For in each case, secrets must be kept on the one side of the equation if important relationships are not to be imperiled on the other.
And it is precisely because domestic interests and imperial ones are so clearly antithetical that the intersection between them is so unstable and so fertile a site for the kind of criminal activity--at once so ostensibly mysterious and so morally ambiguous--that only an impartial and astute outsider like Holmes can penetrate, elucidate, and judge.
In the final analysis, then, the Holmes stories are less concerned with exposing the more problematic elements either of imperialism or of domestic relations than they are with demonstrating how volatile and dangerous the collision of the two can be--and how ill-equipped the British legal system is to deal with such collisions.
For, in order to sustain his masterful work, Holmes requires a theater which showcases his talents to the most impressive effect. Holmes may in many respects embody the adventure hero, but the work he performs is not that of advancing or valorizing imperial interests but rather that of negotiating between imperial imperatives and domestic ones.
She is co-editor with Maria LaMonaca of Vexed by the Victorians: 21st-century Reverberations of 19th-century Fiction, an edited collection currently under review.
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